Onion Farming in Kenya: Fetching Millions of Money From Onion Farming

How would we even get to enjoy the kitchen delicacies without onions? Onion farming is one of the most underrated practices that has a potential of fetching millions of money. Many Kenyans for a long time have been enjoying the presence of this gem in their kitchens without really putting much thought to it in terms of monetary value. I mean, why would we be enjoying something soo good and fail to think that we can farm it and make money as well.

Onion farming in Kenya.

Onions thrive in various regions of Kenya that offer diverse micro climates that allow for all year-round cultivation. These areas include Nakuru, Kitale, Eldoret, Embu, Meru, Bungoma, Nanyuki, Limuru etc.

Ideal climatic conditions for growth of onions in Kenya.

Onions thrive best in well-drained soils that provide a conducive environment for onion cultivation by preventing waterlogged conditions, promoting aeration, supporting root development, and facilitating nutrient availability. A soil pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 is ideal for the growth of onions. Onions prefer full sunlight exposure and cool temperatures between 13 to 24 degrees Celsius for optimal growth. Adequate and constant water supply is essential as well.

Step by step process for planting onions. 

Onions can be grown from sets, seeds, or seedlings. A set is a small onion bulb that is planted instead of a seed to produce a mature bulb and is usually have had been planted before in a previous season. Planting onions involves several steps such as.

Mixed varieties of onion sets.

1.    Preparing the soil

Preparing the soil for planting onions involves choosing a well- drained area with a sand loamy texture, testing the soil pH, and adjusting it accordingly to a range between 6.0 and 7.5. This step also involves incorporating organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure to improve on the soil fertility and structure. After all that is done, till the land to loosen up the soil while removing existing weeds and grass to reduce competition for nutrients.

2.    Planting materials

Choose quality onion sets, seeds, or seedlings from reputable sources like Richfarm Kenya. Call or Whatsapp 0724698357/0723213602 to make your order. When selecting, assess the available varieties and choose based on your culinary preferences, think of the local climate and growing conditions as some regions may favour one planting material over the other, also consider the maturity period and how quickly you would want to harvest. For example, sets mature more quickly than onions grown from seeds.

3.    Actual planting

The best time to plant onions in Kenya is before the onset of the rains, around late February to March. Onions require a lot of water to grow up so proper timing when planting is important. You should plant the sets, seeds/seedlings about an inch deep with a spacing of around 12-18 inches apart.

4.    Watering

Water the onions consistently especially during the early stages of growth and bulb formation. To maintain consistent moisture, you can consider taking up drip irrigation which is efficient in delivering water directly to the root zone while minimizing water contact with the foliage, reducing the risk of fungal diseases.

5.    Mulching

Mulching is a practice that involves covering the topsoil around a plant with a layer of materials such as leaves, grass etc. It helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and maintain more stable soil temperatures.

6.    Pests and diseases

Onions are prone to a number of pests and diseases such as onion maggots, downy mildew, bolting onions, thrips, pink root etc. Managing onion diseases involves combining preventive measures and targeted interventions.

7.    Harvesting

The most awaited time of the whole process is now here. Your onions are ready and it’s now time to harvest. This is approximately 3 to 4 months or less after planting depending on the variety.  Harvest when the tops have fallen over and started to dry, it indicates that the bulbs have stopped growing and are likely mature. The outer skin of mature onions is papery and has a colour for that particular onion variety.

You can harvest your onions manually or through machines. Hand harvesting in as much as it can be tiresome is much better as it allows for careful handling of the bulbs, reducing the risk of damage. Manual harvesting involves lifting the layer of soil around the onion with a garden fork or shovel and then lifting the bulb by hands.

Common onion varieties grown in Kenya.

In Kenya, several onion varieties are cultivated to suit different preferences and growing conditions. Onion varieties are classified in to two, local varieties and hybrid onion varieties.

a)    Local onion varieties

§  Red Creole

§  Bombay Red

§  Texas Grano

§  Red Pinoy

b)    Hybrid onion varieties

§  Red Passion F1

§  Red Nice F1

§  Red Coach F1

§  Jambar F1

Economic potential of onion farming.

Onion farming possesses considerable economic potential due to its high demand and versatility. Onions are highly consumed and are a staple ingredient in many global dishes, ensuring a consistent market demand. Additionally, onions can be cultivated year-round in different regions, contributing to a steady income. The versatility of onions extends to value-added products such as pickles, sauces hence creating opportunities for you as a farmer to add value to their produce. Engaging in onion export further contributes to the agricultural economy, offering income opportunities for farmers.

Health benefits of onions

As we look towards food security and profit making in onion farming, we do not overlook the health benefits associated with onions. Onions provide numerous health benefits and incorporating them in a balanced diet is a flavourful way to harness these health benefits and enhance overall nutritional intake.

Onions are rich in antioxidants such as flavonoids which help combat stress and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Compounds in onions exhibit anti-inflammatory properties that potentially aid in the prevention of inflammatory conditions. Onions decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases by promoting lower blood pressure and reducing cholesterol levels. The presence of Vitamin C and B6 in onions supports a healthy immune system, enhancing the body’s ability to fight off diseases.

Blackberry Farming in Kenya: A Complete Guide To Growing Your Own Mouth Watering Berries

Blackberry farming in Kenya is a captivating practice that involves growing and managing blackberry plants to produce top-notch blackberries. These delectable fruits are not only delicious but also highly sought after due to their unique flavor, versatility, and numerous health benefits. Whether you're a novice eager to explore the realm of agriculture or an experienced farmer looking to diversify your crop production, blackberry farming presents a promising opportunity. 

In this article, we will delve into the essential aspects of blackberry farming in Kenya, from selecting the perfect varieties and preparing an ideal farming site to implementing effective cultivation techniques, managing pests and diseases, and harvesting. So, get ready to uncover the secrets to success in this rewarding agricultural venture.

These delightful berries have been enjoyed by humans for thousands of years. Believed to have originated in Europe, their popularity quickly spread across the globe. These little berries are powerhouses of nutrients and antioxidants, making them a top choice for health-conscious consumers. And let's not forget, they're simply delicious.

There are several common varieties of blackberries that you can choose from, depending on your climate and personal taste preferences. Some popular ones include Navaho, Ouachita, and Chester. Each variety has its own unique flavors and growth habits.

Blackberries, are not the neatest of plants, they have a wild and sprawling nature, much like a teenager's untamed hair. They fall under the shrub family like most berries. But fear not, because proper pruning will help you stay one step ahead of these unruly fruits.  Pruning is like giving your blackberry plants a stylish haircut. It not only keeps them looking their best but also improves their overall health and productivity. By removing old canes and promoting new growth, you're basically giving your plants a fresh start. Plus, it helps to prevent overcrowding and allows for better airflow, making your blackberries happier than ever.

To run a successful blackberry farm in Kenya here are some of the key areas you should address.  

1. Site selection. Now that you're itching to get your hands dirty, it's time to choose the perfect spot for your blackberry farm in Kenya. Blackberries have specific preferences for both climate and soil conditions. They thrive in temperate regions with warm to hotter temperatures. As for their soil preference, well-drained and fertile soil. Choosing the right spot for your blackberry farm requires a keen eye. You want a location with good sunlight exposure and preferably a gentle slope to encourage proper drainage. Blackberries appreciate well-prepared soil, preferably with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. 
2. Propagation. Blackberries are mainly propagated from cuttings. You can get healthy, disease free seedlings from Richfarm Kenya by visiting our nurseries in Embu or Naivasha or call us on 0724698357 or 0723213602. 

   

   Blackberry seedlings at Richfarm, Naivasha

   
   
3. Spacing. You need to space them just right to ensure they have room to spread and grow. And don't forget about those trellises and support systems, because these berries need a little help standing tall. They require a spacing of 1m by 1.5m.
4. Watering. Just like humans, blackberries need water and nutrients to thrive. Proper irrigation and fertilization techniques will keep your plants happy and productive. Think of it as giving them a refreshing drink and a nutritious meal.
5. Weeding. Weeds are the unwanted party crashers of the farming world. Mulching and hand weeding are one of the practices that can help with that.
6. Pests. Pests are the unwelcome guests that just can't resist crashing the party. Some of the common pests that love to snack on your blackberry plants include aphids, spider mites. These little critters can cause damage to leaves, stems, and even the fruit itself. You can spray the required pesticide to keep them at bay.
7. Diseases. Just when you thought pests were bad enough, now you have to deal with diseases too. Blackberry plants can be susceptible to diseases like cane blight, powdery mildew, and rust. There are ways to identify and prevent these diseases from spreading like wildfire. Regular inspections, proper sanitation, and practicing good airflow in your blackberry patch can go a long way in keeping your plants healthy and disease-free.
8. IPM. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is like having a superhero team dedicated to protecting your blackberry plants. It's a holistic approach that combines different pest control methods to keep those pests in check. From natural enemies like ladybugs and lacewings to organic pesticides, there are various tools at your disposal.
9. Support. Training systems for blackberry plants are like support system for your garden. They provide structure and help your plants grow in an organized and efficient manner. From trellises to wire supports, there are various options to choose from. They keep your plants in shape.

   

   Wire training system for blackberry

   
   

10. Harvesting. When harvesting your blackberries you have to look for signs of ripeness, like a nice deep colour and a gentle tug that easily separates the berry from the stem.

Projected Cost and  Income for 1 acre 

• Cost per seedling Ksh. 200
• Seedlings per acre - 2,000-3,000 
• Spacing - 1m by 1.5m
• Fruit price- Ksh. 100-150 per kg (farmgate)
• Yield- 10 tones per per year
• Pest- aphids, spider mite
• Diseases- cane blight, powdery mildew, and rust
• Lifespan- 20 yrs plus

 FAQ

1. Can blackberries be grown in all climates in Kenya?

Blackberries thrive in temperate climates, although certain varieties are adapted to specific regions. These areas may include parts of Rift Valley like Nakuru, Uasin Gishu, Kitale among others, parts of central Kenya which enjoy warm climate like Embu, Thika, Murang'a also Eastern and Coast region. It is essential to select appropriate blackberry varieties that are suitable for your specific climate and growing conditions.

2. Do blackberry plants require a lot of maintenance?

While blackberry plants do require some maintenance, they are relatively low-maintenance compared to other fruit crops. Routine tasks include pruning, training, fertilizing, and pest management.

3. How long does it take for blackberry plants to bear fruit?

Blackberry plants typically start producing fruit in under four months, but become commercially viable in six months.

4. Are blackberries profitable to grow as a commercial crop in Kenya?

Blackberries can be a profitable crop when grown and marketed effectively. The demand for fresh berries continues to rise, creating opportunities for farmers to tap into the market. There’s a huge untapped export market in Kenya considering the favorable weather we have.

Sweet Potatoes Farming in Kenya

Sweet potatoes known as Ipomea batatas have evolved from being a traditional staple to a thriving crop with immense agricultural significance and high profit potential. Sweet potato farming involves cultivating the tuberous roots of the sweet potato plant. Their adaptability, nutritional richness, and economic potential make sweet potato farming a compelling agribusiness opportunity for farmers worldwide hence contributing to food security while maximising profits.

Ideal climatic conditions for the growth of sweet potatoes.

Kenya’s warm and tropical climates offers an ideal environment for the growth of sweet potatoes.

Sweet potatoes prefer temperatures between 21 to 29 degrees Celsius with a full sunlight exposure for them to thrive well. They can tolerate dry conditions, but they generally perform well with consistent moisture. Well-drained loose, and sand loamy soils with good aeration are ideal for the tuber development.

Step by step process for farming sweet potatoes.

1.    Soil preparation

To ensure a successful harvest, choose a location with well- drained soil that is rich in organic matter with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. Conduct soil tests to gauge nutrient levels and adjust accordingly. Clear the planting area of weeds, rocks, and debris to ensure that the sweet potatoes do not face competition for nutrients. Adequate preparation sets the foundation for healthy sweet potato growth and creates a nurturing environment for them to flourish.

2.    Planting

Choose the right time for planting, typically when the soil has warmed. Plant in loose, mounded rows with a depth of 3-4 inches, leaving only the top leaves above the surface. While planting make sure to observe proper spacing.  Properly spaced plants encourage healthy root development.

3.    Maintenance during growth.

ü  Watering

Water the newly planted slips generously to establish root development. Maintain consistent moisture throughout the growing season while avoiding water logging.

ü  Fertilization

Apply a balanced fertilizer during the growing season based on the soil test recommendations.

ü  Weeding

Regularly remove weeds to reduce competition for nutrients and water.

ü  Vine training

Train the sweet potato vines to spread along the rows, promoting sunlight exposure and aiding in weed suppression.

ü  Pest and Disease Management

Monitor for pests like sweet potato weevils and diseases such as black rot and implement appropriate pest control measures.

4.    Harvesting

 Sweet potatoes should be harvested when the vines begin to yellow and die back. This is about 90-120 days after planting. Gently dig them out to avoid damaging the roots. Proper handling during harvesting ensures quality produce for market or personal consumption.

5.    Storage

After harvesting, cure sweet potatoes in a warm, humid environment for a week or two then store them in a cool, dark place with proper ventilation. Curing is a post-harvest process that involves exposing freshly harvested sweet potatoes to warm and humid conditions for a certain period. Curing ensures longevity and preserves the nutritional quality of the sweet potatoes while preventing them from sprouting.

Examples of sweet potato varieties grown in Kenya include.

                        I.         Beauregard

A red skinned and orange fleshed sweet potato known for its high yielding vines and early maturity. It produces large elongated sweet potatoes with a sweeter flavour. Its adaptability to different agro-ecological zones makes it a popular choice.

                      II.         Jewel

Sweet potatoes that have a light orange coloured skin with a deep orange coloured flesh. It’s one of the most grown and consumed sweet potato. It’s well suited for both commercial and subsistence farming.

                    III.         Vitaa

This is a high-yielding, orange-fleshed sweet potato variety developed by the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO). It is resistant to pests and diseases and can grow well in a wide range of environmental conditions.

                  

 IV.         Murasaki

A variety of sweet potatoes that is characterized by its deep purple skin and creamy white flesh, with an extra starchy texture.

 Is sweet potato farming profitable?

This is a question that every potential sweet potato farmer is likely to ask themselves before they decide to take up the venture. The answer is Yes. Here are a number of factors that make this venture profitable

o   High demand

Sweet potatoes are a staple food in the Kenyan diets, and this contributes to their consistent demand locally. Additionally, there is an increasing global interest in sweet potatoes as a nutritious crop and this definitely raises their demand in the export market. High demand often leads to more stable prices, reducing the risk of price fluctuations that can affect farmers’ income.

o   Nutritional Value

Beyond their sweet flavor, sweet potatoes are a nutritional powerhouse. Rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, they offer a spectrum of health benefits. The nutritional content of sweet potatoes makes them attractive to health-conscious consumers, contributing to high market demand and potentially higher prices.

o   Short growing season

Sweet potatoes have a relatively short growing season of 3-4 months, allowing for multiple harvests in a year therefore increasing overall productivity and potential income.

o   Value addition

Farmers can explore value addition by processing sweet potatoes into various products such as chips, flour, or snacks opening up additional revenue streams. Generally, incorporating value addition into sweet potato farming adds value at different stages of the supply chain, contributing to increased profitability for farmers.

Farmers Getting Higher Profits Due to Innovative Agricultural Technologies in Fruit and Vegetable Farming

We no longer farm as our grandparents used to do: we are now focused on agribusiness (kilimo biashara) and thanks to the latest technologies, our profits are growing bigger. In recent years, farmers have not only been able to increase their yields but also do their agribusiness more sustainably and efficiently. Here, we discuss some of the innovative technologies that you can adopt to increase your profits in agribusiness and specifically in fruit and vegetable farming.

Simple innovation that multiplies production by 4 times

Innovative Agricultural Technologies for Increased Profits

1. Precision Agriculture

This is a farming management strategy based on observing, measuring, and responding to temporal and spatial variability digitally to improve agricultural production sustainability. It involves leveraging technology such as sensors, drones, and GPS to monitor and manage crop conditions with unparalleled accuracy. Farmers can now optimize irrigation, fertilization, and pest control, leading to improved resource efficiency and higher yields.

2. Smart irrigation systems

These are automated irrigation systems that contain weather sensors, soil sensors, and controllers. The sensor monitors the current weather conditions and the actual ground humidity, and the controller controls the water valves to open or close. They are driven by real-time weather data and soil moisture levels revolutionizing water management in orchards. These systems not only conserve water but also ensure that crops receive the precision needed for optimal growth. The advantage of using the smart irrigation system is that it saves water, time, and money.

3. Biotechnology in crop improvement

Biotechnology is a technology that utilizes biological processes to manipulate plants to increase yields, improve tolerance to pests and droughts, alter the characteristics of a plant, etc. Advancements in genetic engineering are fostering the development of disease-resistant and climate-resilient fruit varieties. Biotechnology offers the promise of enhancing crop yield and quality, addressing the challenges posed by evolving pests and environmental conditions.

4. Vertical farming

A photo of vertical farming online.

Vertical farming is the practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers. It introduces a novel approach to fruit cultivation, maximizing space through stacked layers in controlled indoor environments. This technology is particularly advantageous in urban settings, where land availability is limited, and resource optimization is crucial. By using vertically stacked layers, farmers can produce much more food on the same amount of land or even less.

5. Robotics and automation

Robotic agriculture.

Robotics is automating labour-intensive tasks in fruit cultivation, from harvesting to pruning and sorting. This not only increases efficiency but also addresses challenges related to labour shortages and rising costs.

6. Biological pest control

Biological pest control is a method of controlling pests that attack plants by using other organisms. It involves introducing a natural enemy with the hope of achieving control. Adopted natural predators and beneficial organisms for pest control reduce reliance on chemical pesticides. This eco-friendly approach promotes a healthier ecosystem within orchards, contributing to sustainable fruit cultivation.

7. Drones for monitoring

A drone fitted with cameras

Drones are flying robots that can be controlled remotely or operate autonomously. Drones equipped with cameras and sensors are revolutionizing orchard monitoring. Farmers can gain real-time insights into crop health, assess large areas efficiently, and identify potential issues before they escalate.

8. Blockchain in the supply chain

Blockchain is like a digital ledger that records and verifies transactions across a network of computers. Blockchain technology is enhancing transparency and traceability in the fruit supply chain by creating a decentralized and unchangeable record of transactions. From farm to table, consumers can now trace the journey of their fruit, ensuring quality, authenticity, and ethical sourcing.

9. Data analytics for decision making

The analysis of big data is empowering farmers to make informed decisions. From planting schedules to harvesting timelines, data analytics enhances overall orchard management, optimizing productivity and resource utilization.

Technology is reshaping the future of agriculture. Embracing these technological advancements not only ensures the sustainability of fruit cultivation but also promises a bountiful harvest in the face of 21^st-century challenges. The journey of innovation in agriculture continues, promising a fruitful future for farmers and consumers alike.

Enhancing Plant Disease Resistance Through Proper Composting Practices

As a farmer and a cultivator, our quest for thriving plants goes hand in hand with the pursuit of a fertile, disease-resistant soil. A garden should not just be a collection of plants but a vibrant ecosystem thriving in the richness of well-nurtured soil. In this article, we will cover the basics of composting, its profound impact on the soil structure and how its fights against plant diseases.

Compost is a nutrient-rich, organic matter created through the decomposition of kitchen and garden waste. It serves as a natural fertilizer, enhancing soil fertility, structure and microbial activity in gardens and landscapes.

Mature ready to use compost.

Basics of Composting.

1.    Ingredients

A compost is made up of green materials that include kitchen scraps like fruit and vegetable peels, coffee grounds and fresh plant trimmings that are not infected by pests or diseases. These materials are rich in Nitrogen. Compost is also made up of brown materials that are known to be rich in Carbon. These materials include materials like dry leaves, wood chips, chopped stems, shredded newspapers, cardboard, small twigs etc.

2.    Carbon- to- Nitrogen Ratio (C: N Ratio)

Aim for a balanced mix to achieve an optimal C:N ratio. Too much green materials can result in a smelly pile, while an excess of brown material may slow down decomposition.

3.    Compost pile

A compost pile.

The suitable location for setting up a compost pile should be an area that has good drainage.

4.    Layering

When layering your compost pile, begin with a layer of coarse material at the bottom such as corn cobs, husks, sticks, thick fibrous stalks from vegetable etc. They aid in aeration. Put layers of green and brown materials for a balanced mix while ensuring each layer is adequately moist but not waterlogged.

5.    Turning and aeration.

The compost should be turned regularly using a pitchfork or shovel to introduce oxygen. Turning prevents compaction and promotes even decomposition. The compost should be turned every 2 to 3 weeks.

6.    Moisture control

The pile should be watered during the dry periods, but one should be keen enough to avoid excessive moisture to prevent anaerobic conditions.

7.    Temperature

Composting generates a lot of heat due to microbial activity. The internal temperature of the compost pile should however ideally reach between 43 to 71 degree Celsius during the active decomposition phase.

8.    Decomposition Stages

Decomposition takes place in 3 phases.

·      Mesophilic phase

Initial decomposition with a mix of bacteria and fungi. In this stage temperatures rise moderately.

·      Thermophilic phase

In this stage, intense microbial activity takes place with temperatures increasing significantly. Breaking down of tougher materials takes place.

·      Curing phase

Cooling down period where compost matures and stabilizes. Compost is ready when it becomes dark, crumbly, and earth-smelling.

9.    Time frame

Composting typically takes several weeks to several months to be ready depending on factors like materials used, size of the pile, and environmental conditions.

10. Compost application

Apply mature compost to the garden while ensuring thorough integration into the soil for maximum benefit.

Compost can enhance soil health, which in turn promotes plant resistance to diseases. Soil health refers to the overall well-being and quality of soil as a living, dynamic ecosystem that supports plants and microbial life. Healthy soil is characterized by its ability to enhance plant and animal productivity, maintain environmental quality, and promote the health of those dependent on it.

Soil health is the cornerstone of plant well-being. It plays a pivotal role in the ability to resist diseases. Here’s why:

·      Nutrient availability

Healthy soil provides essential nutrients that are necessary for plant growth. Well-nourished plants are better equipped to withstand diseases, as they have the resources to support strong immune systems.

·      Microbial activity

Compost introduces and fosters a rich microbial community in the soil. Beneficial microorganisms in the soil contribute to a dynamic ecosystem. They establish symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing nutrients absorption and actively suppressing harmful pathogens, thus bolstering plant defense mechanisms.

·      Soil structure

Compost improves soil structure. Proper soil structure ensures optimal aeration, drainage, and water retention. Plants in well- structured soil develop robust root systems, making them susceptible to stress and diseases.

·      pH balance

Soil pH influences nutrient availability and microbial activity. Compost maintains the right soil pH level which in turn creates an environment conducive to plant health, preventing conditions that may favor disease development.

·      Disease suppression

The organic matter and microbial activity in compost have disease suppressive microorganisms that actively suppress soil-borne pathogens. This natural bio-control helps prevent the proliferation of harmful agents that could otherwise compromise the plant health.

Composting serves as a transformative practice that goes beyond waste reduction. It actively promotes a resilient and disease -resistant environment for plants by enriching the soil with nutrients, fostering microbial diversity, and creating conditions that naturally suppress harmful pathogens.